Grasping the link between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse is a necessary first step in helping a loved one struggling with addiction. 

PTSD is a mental health disorder caused by experiencing or seeing a traumatic event, and it can greatly affect a person’s life. 

Let’s look at how PTSD might lead to substance abuse and provide practical tips for those who want to understand and support their loved ones on their recovery journey.

PTSD is a mental health disorder that can occur after a person has been exposed to a traumatic event such as a serious accident, war, assault or disaster. Someone with PTSD may experience intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings related to their experience, even long after the traumatic event has ended. Common symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety and uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

The long-term effects of PTSD can be debilitating. They can interfere with a person’s ability to function in daily life and maintain healthy relationships. People with PTSD may experience issues such as:

• Difficulty sleeping
• Irritability or outbursts of anger
• Difficulty concentrating
• Hypervigilance or being easily startled
• Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others

These symptoms can persist for years, and without proper treatment, they can lead a person to seek unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as substance abuse.

Why do people with PTSD develop substance abuse? Those with PTSD often turn to alcohol or drugs as a way to cope with their distressing symptoms. The substances can temporarily dull the intense emotions and memories associated with the trauma, providing short-term relief. However, this self-medication can quickly lead to dependency and addiction, creating a cycle that is difficult to break.

The relationship between trauma and substance abuse is complicated and often cyclical. Substance use can exacerbate PTSD symptoms, leading to increased use as a coping mechanism, which in turn worsens both the addiction and the PTSD symptoms. This cycle can make recovery challenging, as both issues need to be addressed simultaneously to achieve lasting healing.

Recognizing the signs of PTSD and substance abuse in a loved one can be the first step toward helping them seek treatment. Some indicators include:

• Avoidance of activities or places that remind them of the trauma
• Sudden changes in behavior or mood
• Increased use of alcohol or drugs
• Withdrawal from friends and family
• Neglecting responsibilities at work, school or home

If you notice these signs, it’s important to approach your loved one with compassion and understanding, encouraging them to seek professional help.

Effective treatment for PTSD and substance abuse involves addressing both conditions simultaneously. Treatment plans that include therapy, medication and support groups can be highly beneficial.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two evidence-based therapies that have been shown to help one process trauma and reduce PTSD symptoms. These therapies, in combination with addiction counseling, can provide a comprehensive approach to recovery.

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of PTSD, such as depression or anxiety, and to support the addiction recovery process. It’s important that medication is used in conjunction with therapy and other support systems for best results.

Support groups can offer a sense of community and understanding. Group therapy can provide a space for one to share their experiences and gain insight from others who have faced similar challenges.

If you have a family member or friend struggling with PTSD and substance abuse, your support can be invaluable in their recovery journey. Here are some ways you can help:

• Educate Yourself: Understanding PTSD and addiction can help you empathize with your loved one’s struggles and provide informed support.
• Encourage Professional Help: Gently encourage your loved one to seek professional treatment. Offer to help them find resources or accompany them to appointments if they are comfortable with it.
• Practice Patience and Compassion: Recovery can be a long and challenging process. Be patient and show compassion, celebrating small victories along the way.
• Set Healthy Boundaries: While supporting your loved one is important, it’s also crucial to set boundaries to protect your own mental health and well-being.

Lincoln Trail Behavioral Health has provided mental health and substance abuse treatment to the Radcliff, KY, community since 1986. Our Adult PHP and Adult IOP Dual Diagnosis Services provides treatment for adults with co-occurring substance use and mental health needs.

We also offer a variety of treatment options for current members of the military as veterans.

To schedule a consultation with us or for more information, please call 800-274-7374.